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| Writing Tips for non-native speakers |
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| Many of these suggestions concern points that are problems even for native English speakers with university degrees. But they are often compounded for non-native speakers. Check out the lingua franca page for more resources for English learners. 1) Write short sentences (15 words maximum). Longer sentences (over 25 words) become increasingly difficult even for native speakers to understand and write, and the chance for making errors in grammar increase exponentially with sentence length. 2) Write clear sentences. One thought, one sentence. If your sentence becomes difficult for you to write, consider breaking it into smaller parts (expressing single ideas). 3) Write in subject-verb-object-(adverb phrase) word order. For example: "The minister wrote the letter (on Monday)." subject verb object (adv. phrase) 4) Be careful of overusing pronouns. We sometimes overuse pronouns because we already know who is doing what to whom. But the reader doesn't know what we are thinking. This problem is multiplied if we misuse pronouns slightly, as we might do in a foreign language. But even when use is technically correct, overuse of pronouns is confusing. For example: "He told him to take him to the museum, but he said he couldn’t go." This is confusing in terms of who is doing what. Replace too many pronouns with proper nouns: "The president told the minister to take the ambassador to the museum, but the minister said the ambassador couldn’t go." 5) Every sentence has a subject. In many languages, the subject is implied in the verb conjugation, and so does not need to be mentioned explicitly. That is not so in English. Every sentence needs a subject. 6) Subject-verb agreement. Make sure the verb conjugation agrees with the subject. Incorrect: "We needs to solve the problem." Correct: "We need to solve the problem." Following these guidlines won't give you perfect English (nothing will!). But they will hopefully allow you to write more easily and clearly, and help you to be better understood. Once you're familiar with these ideas, you might want to check out our better writing tips for native speakers. |